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《2010GINA全球哮喘處理和預防策略》內容預覽

This Pocket Guide has been developed from the Global Strategy for Asthma Management andPrevention (Updated 2010). Technical discussions of asthma, evidence levels, and specificcitations from the scientific literature are included in that source document.本袖珍指南根據全球哮喘管理和預防策略（2010年修訂）改編。關(guān)于哮喘的技術(shù)性討論、證據水平以及特殊引用的科學(xué)文獻來(lái)自原文。WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT ASTJMA?關(guān)于哮喘，我們知道什么？Unfortunately…asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, with an estimated 300million individuals affected worldwide. Its prevalence is increasing, especially among children.不幸的是……哮喘是最常見(jiàn)的慢性疾病之一，全世界有大約3億人罹患。其發(fā)病率在增加，尤其在兒童。Fortunately…asthma can be effectively treated and most patients canachieve good control of theirdisease. When asthma is under control patients can:幸運的是……哮喘能夠得到有效的治療，大多數患者能夠達到良好的控制。處于控制中的哮喘患者能夠：Avoid troublesome symptoms night and day??沒(méi)有煩人的夜間和白天的癥狀Use little or no reliever medication使用很少或不使用緩解性藥物Have productive, physically active lives擁有豐富的、完全積極的生活Have (near) normal lung function肺功能正常或接近正常Avoid serious attacks避免嚴重發(fā)作
 Asthma causes recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness,chest tightness, and coughing,particularly at night or in the early morning.哮喘引起反復發(fā)作的喘息、氣促、胸悶和咳嗽，特別是在夜間或凌晨。
 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.Chronically inflamed airways arehyperresponsive; they become obstructed and airflow is limited (by bronchoconstriction, mucusplugs, and increased inflammation) when airways are exposed to various risk factors.哮喘是一種慢性氣道炎癥。慢性炎癥氣道的反應性增高，當氣道暴露于各種危險因子時(shí)，通過(guò)支氣管收縮、黏液形成和炎癥增加，引起氣道阻塞和氣流受限。
Common risk factors for asthma symptoms include exposure toallergens (such as those fromhouse dust mites, animals with fur, cockroaches, pollens, and molds), occupational irritants,tobacco smoke, respiratory (viral) infections, exercise, strong emotional expressions, chemicalirritants, and drugs (such as aspirin and beta blockers).對于誘發(fā)哮喘癥狀的常見(jiàn)危險因素包括接觸變應原（如來(lái)自屋塵螨、動(dòng)物皮毛、蟑螂、花粉和霉菌等），職業(yè)性**物，吸煙，呼吸道（病毒）感染，運動(dòng)，劇烈的情緒波動(dòng)，化學(xué)性**物，以及藥物（如阿司匹林和β受體阻滯劑）。

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